Legal Protection for Doctors' Work Safety in Handling Covid-19 Cases Reviewed Based on Saddu al-Dzari'ah

Legal protection for doctor's work safety during the Covid 19 pandemic has not received optimal preventive action from the government with the data showing that the death of health workers in Indonesia accounts for the highest in Asia. This study aims to discuss the concept of legal protection for doctors' work safety in handling Covid-19 cases on the basis of Saddu al-Dzari'ah. The main data source for this study's juridical-normative methodology consisted of secondary data from written legal materials quantitatively examined to provide analytical descriptive data. Results showed that legal protection for the safety of doctors in dealing with Covid-19 cases cannot be as required and correctly implemented in the legislation;in reality the rights of doctors are still neglected and not fulfilled. The government's failure to take preventive measures to offer legal protection for doctors means that mafsadat (injury) in managing C-19 cases persists, which is also evidenced by the number of doctors who died from C-19. Our findings suggest the importance of having the concept of legal protection for doctors in handling Covid-19 cases based on Saddu al-Dzari'ah so that doctors get comprehensive protection. © 2022, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. All rights reserved.

Impact of Covid-19 on Water Consumption: A Comparative Study

Clean water is one type of water-based resource that is of good quality and commonly used by humans for consumption or in carrying out their daily activities, including sanitation. The arrival of COVID-19 has increase water usage as hand washing is a must. However, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), several localities face higher infection risks due to water supply shortages resulted from the increased demand for treated water. Having a contingency plan to facilitate that change can reduce the probability of water supply shortages. However, existing literature lacks detailed insights on water usage changes during a pandemic and pandemic response model. Response plans that tackle changing water demands during a pandemic, using COVID-19 as a case study, are compelling. Hence, this paper aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 on treated water supply and demand in Pahang. The results reveal that the lockdown during COVID-19 has increased domestic water demand and decreased demand for non-domestic (i.e., commercial, industrial, and government building). The net effect of these changes varies from place to place, depending on the relative proportion of domestic and non-domestic water usage across the major economic sectors. The findings are helpful for future water management strategy plans in the study area. © 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.

A Theoretical Linguistic Fuzzy Rule-Based Compartmental Modeling for the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the whole world quite seriously. The number of new infectious cases and death cases are rapidly increasing over time. In this study, a theoretical linguistic fuzzy rule-based susceptible-exposed-infectious-isolated-recovered (SEIIsR) compartmental model has been proposed to predict the dynamics of the transmission of COVID-19 over time considering population immunity and infectiousness heterogeneity based on viral load in the model. The model's equilibrium points have been calculated, and stability analysis of the model's equilibrium points has been conducted. Consequently, the fuzzy basic reproduction number, R0f, of the fuzzy model has been formulated. Finally, the temporal dynamics of different compartmental populations with immunity and infectiousness heterogeneity using the fuzzy Mamdani model are delineated, and some disease control policies have been suggested to get over the infection in no time. Copyright © 2022, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.

Disparity in the Evolving COVID-19 Collaboration Network

COVID-19 pandemic has paused many ongoing research projects and unified researchers' attention to focus on COVID-19 related issues. Our project traces 712,294 scientists' publications related to COVID-19 for two years, from January 2020 to December 2021, in order to detect the dynamic evolution patterns of COVID-19 collaboration network over time. By studying the collaboration network of COVID-19 scientists, we observe how a new scientific community has been built in preparation for a sudden shock. The number of newcomers grows incrementally, and the connectivity of the collaboration network shifts from loose to tight promptly. Even though every scientist has an equal opportunity to start a study, collaboration disparity still exists. Following the scale-free distribution, only a few top authors are highly connected with other authors. These top authors are more likely to attract newcomers and work with each other. As the collaboration network evolves, the increase rate in the probability of attracting newcomers for authors with higher degree increases, whereas the increase rates in the probability of forming new links among authors with higher degree decreases. This highlights the interesting trend that COVID pandemic alters the research collaboration trends that star scientists are starting to collaborate more with newcomers, but less with existing collaborators, which, in certain way, reduces the collaboration disparity. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

First Application of Coiled Hose in Indonesia and First Deployment of Coiled Hose with Roller Boogies in the World to Access Highly Deviated Well

The paper is aimed to present the engineering design and execution of first application of coiled hose in Indonesia to perform nitrogen unload including its first deployment with roller boogies in the world to tackle the challenge of highly deviated well. The new well of XX-107 was completed with 2 (two) gravel pack zones and tubingless section. In order to produce the well from the gravel pack zones, completion fluid, which filled in the XX-107 well, should be displaced to ensure underbalance condition once the SSDs of those gravel pack zones were opened. After comparing several available methods, coiled hose was chosen to perform nitrogen unload due to its compact and lightweight nature in comparison to conventional coiled tubing. Coiled hose enabled seamless deployment right after the well was completed by the workover unit. Furthermore, the maximum deviation of 84 deg in XX-107 well provided additional challenge to access the well since coiled hose was gravity feed. Several simulations were performed and they resulted in the utilization of roller boogies to minimize friction during RIH and increase the reach of coiled hose in this well. As a result, this operation achieved its main objective of displacing the completion fluid out of the well and created underbalance condition in front of the gravel pack zones. Although the efficiency was only 67.5%, it managed to create 1071 psi of underbalance value and consequently the well flowed at 8 MMscfd. Its lightweight nature was like electricline unit and it consumed less space on the upper deck of the platform. Moreover, the deployment and setup process was performed offline which optimized the operating time event further. The cumulative operating time was only 13 hours including demobilization process while in terms of logistic coiled hose only required 1 trip whereas coiled tubing unit required at least 3 trips. Lastly, this operation requires only 10 personnel for 24-hr operation in comparison to 15 coiled tubing personnel which meant, in this Covid-19 pandemic, provided less risky solution. Copyright © 2022, Offshore Technology Conference.

Cybersecurity Attacks and Vulnerabilities During COVID-19

As a result of quick transformation to digitalization for providing the employees teleworking/home office services with the capabilities to access company resources from outside the company over Internet using remote desktop and virtual private network (VPN) applications and the increase in digital activity during COVID-19 such as the usage of audio/video conferencing applications, many businesses have been victims of cyber attacks. This paper investigates whether there was an increase in the frequency of cyber attacks during COVID-19. It also identifies the motivations for such attacks in light of software/hardware/system vulnerabilities. Following this research, we also categorize vulnerabilities and develop a taxonomy. Such a taxonomy helped to identify the type of attacks on their frequency and their impact. To do that, we developed a research methodology to collect attack and vulnerability information from the selected databases. Using relevant key words, we developed the taxonomy that led us to create insightful information to answer the research questions that are thoroughly analyzed and presented accordingly. This work also recommended a list of mitigation measures that can be considered in the future to prepare the industry for a similar pandemic including establishing and maintaining a Information Security Management System (ISMS) by following relevant standards (ISO/SAE 2700x, BSI-Standards 200-x, SMEs: CISIS12®). © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Clinical Profile, Immunosuppressive Managment and Outcome in Adult Renal Allograft Recipients with Covid-19 Infection: A Case Series from Single Centre in Bangladesh

Introduction: The Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory infection has become a global concern. Given to the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been explored that Renal Allograft Recipients are considered high risk group for unfavourable outcome due to multiple comorbidities, long term immunosuppressive medications and residual CKD. This case series demonstrates clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 infection in Renal Allograft Recipients. Method(s): Here we present 20 adult Renal Allograft Recipients admitted with moderate to severe symptom and RT PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection at united hospital limited from August 2020 to December 2021. We assessed demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical and laboratory parameters, radiological findings, immunosuppressive management and outcome. Result(s): Among all,15 patients were male with median age 55 years (range,34-75years). Mean time interval between renal transplantation were 90 months (24-132 months). Common comorbidities were hypertension (n=19), DM (n=18), lung diseases (n=13), IHD (n=9). Fever (100%) was most common symptom followed by cough(80%), sore throat(75%), and diarrhoea(60%). Nine (45%) patients who presented with dyspnoea during admission further progressed to poor outcome. During admission mean baseline creatinine was 1.51mg/dl(0.66-3.1 mg/dl), 15 patients had lymphopenia and 11 patients had higher inflammatory markers like high ferritin level, CRP, procalcitonin, LDH and D-dimer. Total 15 patients had abnormal HRCT findings and most common finding was unilateral or bilateral Ground glass opacity followed by consolidation, pleural effusion and interlobular septal thickening with mean TSS scoring being 8 (range 4-16). All patients were on triple immunosuppressive regimen (antimetabolites, CNI, low dose steroid).After admission antimetabolites were withdrawn in all patients, CNI were continued in 10 patients, 50% reduction in 2 patients, complete cessation of CNI in 8 patients and low dose steroids were switched to dexamethasone 6mg/ day. Other treatments included antiviral (Favipiravir, Remdisivir), antibiotics, LMWH followed by Rivaroxaban. Total 3 patients received Tocilizumab and Convalescent plasma was administered in 2 patients. Among all, 18 patients received different form of oxygen therapy, 9 patients were transferred to ICU, 7 patients required mechanical ventilation and 4 patients developed ARDS. 8 patients had other bacterial or fungal coinfection. six patients developed AKI and 2 of them needed Renal replacement therapy (RRT). Total 4 patients of AKI and 1 patient who required RRT finally expired. Total 6 patients died and after a median 18 days of admission. Conclusion(s): In this case series we describe 30% mortality rate. Older age, severe symptom specially dyspnoea during presentation, multiple comorbidities, high inflammatory markers, high baseline creatinine developing AKI, high TSS score at HRCT and requirement of mechanical ventilation were associated with high risk of death. No conflict of interestCopyright © 2023

Role of SARS-COV2 antigen as a diagnostic test for COVID-19

Background: Successive waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections with increasing transmission rates may burden the laboratories performing molecular diagnostic testing. Alternative diagnostic methods may provide additional diagnostic capacity. Chemiluminescent totally automated antigen detection test for SARS-CoV-2 (Ortho VITROS SARS-CoV-2 antigen test) could be satisfactory replacement for reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for mass screening during outbreaks. Methods: RT-qPCR and the VITROS® SARS-CoV-2 antigen were compared. Antigen detection test was assessed using clinical samples (nasopharyngeal swabs in viral transport medium) withdrawn from 668 patients suspected to have SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: From 668 samples, 303 showed SARS-CoV-2 antigens positive and 365 SARS-CoV-2 antigens negative in comparison with RT-qPCR, the sensitivity was 89.11% and the specificity was 100.0% (PPV 100.0 and NPV 91.7). Ct value of 16.0 was the limit of detection of the assay. Conclusion: The given results show that VITROS® assay was acceptable for the detection of patients having contagious COVID-19 in the clinical setting. This test showed high sensitivity and specificity in the SARS-CoV-2 detection in samples with a Ct value of 32 or less. Chemiluminescent full automated antigen detection test for SARS-CoV-2 is a feasible substitute to (RT-qPCR) for mass screening. © 2020 The author (s).

Disparity in the Evolving COVID-19 Collaboration Network

COVID-19 pandemic has paused many ongoing research projects and unified researchers' attention to focus on COVID-19 related issues. Our project traces 712,294 scientists' publications related to COVID-19 for two years, from January 2020 to December 2021, in order to detect the dynamic evolution patterns of COVID-19 collaboration network over time. By studying the collaboration network of COVID-19 scientists, we observe how a new scientific community has been built in preparation for a sudden shock. The number of newcomers grows incrementally, and the connectivity of the collaboration network shifts from loose to tight promptly. Even though every scientist has an equal opportunity to start a study, collaboration disparity still exists. Following the scale-free distribution, only a few top authors are highly connected with other authors. These top authors are more likely to attract newcomers and work with each other. As the collaboration network evolves, the increase rate in the probability of attracting newcomers for authors with higher degree increases, whereas the increase rates in the probability of forming new links among authors with higher degree decreases. This highlights the interesting trend that COVID pandemic alters the research collaboration trends that star scientists are starting to collaborate more with newcomers, but less with existing collaborators, which, in certain way, reduces the collaboration disparity. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Consumer Attitudes Towards Food Attributes Due to the Dynamics of Supply Shock Covid 19

Regional lockdown policies and work-from-home patterns have led to changes in consumer behavior and household food purchases. This study aims to determine consumer attitudes towards food attributes due to the dynamics of supply shock due to Covid 19. This study was conducted in Jember Regency using a sample of 100 respondents spread across urban and rural areas. This study uses Fishbein analysis to determine consumer attitudes towards food attributes due to the Covid 19 pandemic. The results of the analysis show that consumption patterns change during the pandemic. These changes include the number of purchases, changes in the place of purchase, and the frequency of purchases. The price attribute has a high level of importance but has low performance. The food price attribute needs attention from the government so that people can access food. The attribute of ease of access has a high level of importance and high trust from consumers. The stock attribute has a high level of importance but has sufficient trust from the public. In addition, quality or brand attributes have a low level of importance but have a relatively high level of trust from the public. © 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.

Machine learning prediction of video-based learning with technology acceptance model

COVID-19 outbreak has significant impacts on education system as almost all countries shift to new way of teaching and learning;online learning. In this new environment, various innovative teaching methods have been created to deliver educational material in ensuring the learning outcomes such as video content. Thus, this research aims to implement machine learning prediction models for video-based learning in higher education institutions. Using survey data from 103 final year accounting students at Malaysian public university, this paper presents the fundamental frameworks of evaluating three machine learning models namely generalized linear model, random forest and decision tree. Besides demography attributes, the performance of each machine learning algorithm on the video-based learning usage has been observed based on the attributes of technology acceptance model namely perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and attitude. The findings revealed that the perceived ease of use has given the highest weight of contributions to the generalized linear model and random forest while the major effects in decision tree has been given by the attitude variable. However, generalized linear model outperformed the two algorithms in term of the prediction accuracy. © 2023 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.

Comparison of Metaheuristic Techniques for Parcel Delivery Problem: Malaysian Case Study

Most people preferred e-commerce ensuing the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, resulting in delivery companies receiving large quantities of parcels to be delivered to clients. Hurdle emerges when delivery person needs to convey items to a large number of households in a single journey as they never face this situation before. As a result, they seek the quickest way during the trip to reduce delivery costs and time. Since the delivery challenge has been classified as an NP-hard (non-deterministic polynomial-time hard)) problem, this study aims to search the shortest distance, including the runtime for the real case study located in Melaka, Malaysia. Hence, two metaheuristic approaches are compared in this study namely, Ant-Colony Optimization (ACO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The results show that the GA strategy outperforms the ACO technique in terms of distance, price, and runtime for moderate data sizes that is less than 90 locations. © 2022, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. All Rights Reserved.

Smart Farming IoT Based Management during Post Covid-19

The aim of this project is to construct portable smart farming management tools that could be helpful for the farmer involved in the pineapple industry. The project also aims to focus on the productivity of the plant by varying the fertilizer contents. During the Covid-19 pandemic that impacts all industries especially the agriculture industry, the farmers had an issue related to precision in terms of monitoring the soil condition of their crops due to limitations on the mobility of people across borders and lockdowns are contributing to labor shortages. Therefore, this study expected to look at the possibilities of the Smart Farming Management Tool Internet-of-Things based to be implemented in helping farmers to keep on track of the soil conditions in their crops via smartphones. © 2022 IEEE.

Time Series and Statistical Analyses on REIT Stock Prices for Forecasting and Assessing the Impact of COVID-19

In this chapter, we describe the application of Time Series techniques such as ARIMA and ARIMA-GARCH Models to model and forecast the stock prices and the usage of some statistical techniques such as Paired t-Test and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test to assess the impact of the COVID-19. The findings provide significant insights into the benefits of mathematical and statistical modeling for real life problem. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Antibody Response to Sars- Cov -2 Mrna Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Purpose: Kidney transplant recipients are vulnerable to develop severe form of COVID19 Infection. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine has significantly improved incidence of COVID19, seroconversion rates in immunosuppressed patients post vaccine is variable and unpredictable. We aim to evaluate the rates of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and identify factors affecting immunogenicity among kidney transplant recipients Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 327 kidney transplant recipients who received 2 doses of mRNA Vaccine and did not develop COVID19 prior to antibody testing. SARS- CoV- 2 antibody response and risk factors associated with negative serology were evaluated after 2 doses of mRNA vaccine. Patients who tested positive were divided into four quartiles based on titers and analyzed using ANOVA. Result(s): 250 (76.5%) recipients had positive titers and 77 (24%) did not. Poor response was associated with older age (p=0.06) and male gender(p=0.03). Race, immunosuppression regimen and trough levels were not significant. Analysis of recipients who developed antibody revealed age, time from transplant, history of diabetes and steroid as factors affecting titer level (Table 1). Conclusion(s): Understanding immunologic response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in kidney transplant recipient is important to prevent life threatening infection. Identification of transplant recipients at risk of low vaccine response can be a guide to formulate personalized therapy.

A Comparative Study on COVID-19 Fake News Detection Using Different Transformer Based Models

The rapid advancement of social networks and the convenience of internet availability have accelerated the rampant spread of false news and rumors on social media sites. Amid the COVID-19 epidemic, this misleading information has aggravated the situation by putting people's mental and physical lives in danger. To limit the spread of such inaccuracies, identifying the fake news from online platforms could be the first and foremost step. In this research, the authors have conducted a comparative analysis by implementing five transformer-based models such as BERT, BERT without LSTM, ALBERT, RoBERTa, and a Hybrid of BERT & ALBERT in order to detect the fraudulent news of COVID-19 from the internet. COVID-19 Fake News Dataset has been used for training and testing the models. Among all these models, the RoBERTa model has performed better than other models by obtaining an F1 score of 0.98 in both real and fake classes. © 2022 IEEE.

Improving the Resilience of Small-Scale Food Entrepreneurs in the New Norm through Government Assistance during Covid-19 Pandemic Era

The existence of small-scale food enterprises helps a lot in increasing the country's income, as well as providing many employment opportunities to the community. This study was to examine how small-scale food entrepreneurs strive to survive in the enterprise when faced with the effects of COVID-19. Factor analysis was used to form the resilience factor and descriptive analysis was used to look demography, resilience practices, and to analyze the assistance in improving entrepreneurial resilience. This study has developed resilience factors and improved resilience. The government needs to be vigilant in providing the assistance needed by entrepreneurs to rehabilitate businesses affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Re-analyzing randomized trials with incorporation of COVID-19 risk associated with cancer therapy

Background: Cancer therapy may put patients at risk of mortality from COVID-19. The impact of abbreviated treatment courses on outcomes in the setting of COVID-19 is unknown. We incorporated COVID-19-associated risks in re-analysis of practice-defining randomized trials in oncology that compared different radiation therapy (RT) regimens. Methods: We extracted individual patient level data (IPLD) from published survival curves from randomized trials in rectal cancer (Dutch TME, TROG 01.04), early stage breast cancer (CALGB 9343, OCOG hypofractionation trial, FAST-Forward, NSABP B-39), and localized prostate cancer (CHHiP, HYPO-RT-PC). Trials were simulated with incorporation of varying risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality associated with receipt of therapy. Results: IPLD from 14,170 patients were re-analyzed. In scenarios with low COVID-19-associated risks (0.5% infection risk per fraction [IRF], 5% case fatality rate [CFR]), fractionation did not significantly affect outcomes. In locally advanced rectal cancer, short-course RT appeared preferable to long-course chemoradiation (TROG 01.04) or RT omission (Dutch TME) in most settings. While moderate hypofractionation in early stage breast cancer (OCOG hypofractionation trial) and prostate cancer (CHHiP) was not associated with survival benefits in the setting of COVID-19, more aggressive hypofractionation (FAST-Forward, HYPO-RT-PC) and accelerated partial breast irradiation (NSABP B-39) were associated with improved survival in higher risk scenarios (≥5% IRF;≥ 20% CFR). In settings where RT can be omitted, such as favorable early stage breast cancer in the elderly (CALGB 9343), RT was associated with worse survival in higher risk pandemic scenarios (≥5% IRF, ≥ 20% CFR). Conclusions: Our framework, which can be adapted to dynamic changes in COVID-19 risk, provides a flexible, quantitative approach to assess the impact of treatment recommendations across oncology. The magnitude of potential benefit from abbreviated RT courses depends on the degree of hypofractionation and local COVID-19-associated risk. Abbreviated RT courses should be prioritized when possible and are increasingly beneficial in higher risk pandemic settings. With increased understanding and precautions against COVID-19 that can minimize risks for patients, our results support the continued use of evidence-based treatments for cancer patients in the COVID-19 era.

Applying Online Learning in Higher Education Institutions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Field Study in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reality of the experience of applying online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in higher education institutions in the United Arab Emirates during the 2019/2020 academic year by exploring the perceptions of undergraduate students at the Ajman University. The study was carried out using a descriptive method approach. The study population consisted of all students on the campus of Ajman University (n = 6620), where the sample of the study (n=1655) was taken used the random sampling method through a stratified sample technique. After verifying its validity and reliability, the researchers prepared a questionnaire, as a tool for the study, consisting of forty (40) items to achieve the objectives of the study. The results indicated that the readiness, training, and technical support for applying online learning of UAE universities during the Covid-19 pandemic, from the perspective students, came at a High level. Their perspective regarding the teaching and learning process through online learning came at a Moderate level, with regard to the challenges facing the online learning application, it came at a Moderate level, and their perspective regarding suggestions to improve the experience of online learning came at a high level. Students' responses differed based on the criteria of considering the two genders with preferred to female gender, college department with inclination toward the medical student in medicine college, the skills of the students using computer skills with considering the students who have skills in using computer. © 2022 NSP.